Title: World War II (1941-1945)
Course: Question Banks

Q: Which of the following factors contributed to the rise in fascism in Europe in the years preceding World War II?
- A desire for international cooperation (Incorrect. President Wilson wanted WWI to be the “war to end all wars” and sought for “collective security” in international relations. However, fascism was more of a pushback against this international cooperation, and prioritized national unity, loyalty, and militarism.)
- Support of socialist ideas and policies (Incorrect. Fascism was, in some ways, a response to fear of communism and socialism.)
- Industrial growth and economic prosperity (Incorrect. The years between WWI and WWII were ones of economic depression and turmoil.)
- Post-war recession and economic turmoil (Correct! The post-war recession hit Europe hard, and Italy and Germany suffered severe economic turmoil, rising inflation, and a decrease in agricultural prices. In the midst of these economic struggles, fascism played on the people’s desperation and frustration as well as anger towards the terms of the Versailles Treaty.)
A: Post-war recession and economic turmoil

Q: What was the result of the hard conditions placed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles?
- The development of democracy. (Incorrect. Germany did not adopt democracy during this period.)
- The economy improved. (Incorrect. This is not accurate because many European countries' economies struggled.)
- An increase in their military. (Incorrect. Germany’s military was reduced.)
- Economic and political instability. (Correct! The Treaty of Versailles required Germany to pay a massive amount of reparations, putting pressure on Germany's economy. The treaty also included the "war guilt clause," which held Germany responsible for staring World War I. Resentment over the punitive terms of the treaty contributed to the political instability in post-war Germany.)
A: Economic and political instability.

Q: What country received blame for WWI in the Treaty of Versailles?
- The United States (Incorrect. The United States remained neutral and did not enter the war until 1917.)
- Russia (Incorrect. Russia was involved in the war initially; however, it did not receive blame.)
- France (Incorrect. France was involved early in the war but was not blamed according to the Treaty of Versailles.)
- Germany (Correct! Germany took most of the blame for WWI because they formed an alliance system in Europe and promoted an arms race with their increased military.)
A: Germany

Q: What is the definition of fascism?
- A political ideology that rejects political plurality and uses a strong central power to preserve the status quo. (Incorrect. This is authoritarianism, which can be incorporated by fascism, but isn’t a complete picture.)
- A political order whose objective is the common ownership of the means of production, and eliminates social classes. (Incorrect. This is communism.)
- A political philosophy based on the rights of the individual, liberty, and consent of the governed. (Incorrect. This is liberalism.)
- A political ideology that focuses on national unity, militarism, loyalty, and social darwinism. (Correct! Fascism is a far-right political ideology that is characterized by dictatorial power and a regimentation of society. It views war and imperialism as a means of national unity and rejuvenation.)
A: A political ideology that focuses on national unity, militarism, loyalty, and social darwinism.

Q: Which of the following is an example of a policy of appeasement in the years leading up to World War II?
- Hitler and Mussolini toppling the Spanish Republican Party (Incorrect. Hitler and Mussolini did interfere in the Spanish Civil War on the side of the fascists. This is not an example of appeasement, but rather an example of the spread of fascism.)
- Wilson inviting Germany to join the League of Nations (Incorrect. Germany became a part of the League of Nations following World War I. In October 1933, Hitler withdrew Germany from the League of Nations in preparation for his program of territorial expansion. The League of Nations was meant to be a vehicle for peace, but was never a source of appeasement.)
- Hitler rebuilding Germany’s military and remilitarizing the Rhineland (Incorrect. This is an example of Germany’s transformation under Hilter into an increasingly autocratic, military state.)
- Britain and France allowing Germany to occupy a portion of Czechoslovakia (Correct! The Prime Ministers of Great Britain and France hoped that allowing Germany to expand partially into Czechoslovakia would satisfy their appetite for expansion and would avert another war. However, Germany quickly occupied the rest of Czechoslovakia as well.)
A: Britain and France allowing Germany to occupy a portion of Czechoslovakia

Q: What was the Munich Pact?
- It was a meeting which allowed Hitler to take Denmark. (Incorrect. This conference did not involve Denmark.)
- It was a meeting which allowed Hitler to take Belgium. (Incorrect. Belgium was not part of this conference.)
- It was a meeting that allowed Hitler to take Poland. (Incorrect. There was no conference between Germany and Poland. Hitler invaded Poland which was the start of WWII.)
- It was a meeting which allowed Hitler to take Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia. (Correct! This was an agreement between Germany, Italy, Great Britain and France and allowing Hitler to take Sudetenland was a strategy to avoid war.)
A: It was a meeting which allowed Hitler to take Sudetenland in Czechoslovakia.

Q: Adolf Hitler’s policies led Germany towards World War II by advocating for
- communist revolutions in Eastern Europe and a formal military alliance with the Soviet Union. (Incorrect. Hitler did not advocate for communist revolutions in Eastern Europe. Germany had a non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union, but not a formal military alliance.)
- demilitarization and an isolationist foreign policy. (Incorrect. Hitler did not adopt an isolationist foreign policy, as he formed an alliance with Italy and Japan. Also, rather than demilitarization, Germany under Hitler’s leadership and the Nazi regime grew increasingly militarized.)
- fascism, annexation of Spain and Italy, and the invasion of Japan. (Incorrect. While Hitler was a proponent of fascism, he did not advocate for annexation of Spain or Italy or the invasion of Japan. Note also that Germany, Italy, and Japan were allies during World War II.)
- fascism, military expansion, and racial supremacy. (Correct! Hitler and the Nazi Party implemented policies based on their beliefs in fascism, military expansion, and racial supremacy, all of which contributed to the outbreak of World War II in Europe.)
A: fascism, military expansion, and racial supremacy.

Q: In September, 1931 an explosion tore up a Japanese owned railway in Manchuria. This became known as the Manchurian Incident. What statement best describes the impact of that incident?
- China used the attack as a justification for 13 years of war that claimed millions of lives (Incorrect. Japan, not China, used the incident as a justification for the invasion of Manchuria)
- Japan blamed the United States for the incident, and used it to justify the attack on Pearl Harbor (Incorrect. Japan created the explosion, but then blamed China, not the United States.)
- Following the Manchurian Incident, heavy lobbying by Chinese-Americans convinced the US government to intervene and declare war on Japan. (Incorrect. The Chinese-American community did lobby the United States government heavily, and public sentiment against Japan grew. However, following the horrors of WWI, the United States was wary of intervening in another foreign conflict.)
- Japan launched the attack on themselves as a ruse that allowed them to justify an invasion of Manchuria (Correct! Japan blew up their own railroad in order to blame China and then invade Manchuria. This led to 13 years of brutal war that would claim the lives of 35 million people.)
A: Japan launched the attack on themselves as a ruse that allowed them to justify an invasion of Manchuria

Q: What was the result of the U.S. embargo on war materials going to Japan?
- The economic pressure slowed down the Japanese war machine as materials such as rubber and oil became scarce. (Incorrect. This is what the United States hoped would happen when they introduced the embargo on goods to Japan. However, their plan backfired.)
- Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in protest (Incorrect. Japan withdrew from the League of Nations in 1933 after the League found Japan at fault in regards to the war in Manchuria and refused to recognized any territory they claimed.)
- Japan and China formed an alliance – the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere (Incorrect. Japan called their growing empire the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere, and spoke of “Asia for Asians,” but they were fighting a brutal war with China. They were not in an alliance.)
- Japan launched invasions across the Pacific to secure rubber, oil, and steel. (Correct! The United States hoped that the embargo would shut down the Japanese war machine, but instead Japan began invading other nations in Southeast Asia to secure the raw materials needed to sustain their war effort.)
A: Japan launched invasions across the Pacific to secure rubber, oil, and steel.

Q: Why did Japan attack Pearl Harbor?
- Japan was closer to Pearl Harbor. (Incorrect. The geographic proximity of Pearl Harbor was not the reason they attacked it.)
- Japan was not confident in attacking the Philippines. (Incorrect. Japan did not lack confidence in attacking the Philippines, in 1942 they invaded and occupied it until 1945.)
- Japan’s attack on pearl harbor was retaliation from the United States sinking a Japanese navy ship. (Incorrect. The United States did not sink any Japanese navy ships.)
- Japan wanted to prevent the United States from interfering with their expansion in the Pacific. (Correct! Japan wanted to expand its control in the south pacific and the U.S. occupation in Pearl Harbor interfered with this process.)
A: Japan wanted to prevent the United States from interfering with their expansion in the Pacific.

Q: How did Roosevelt provide aid early on in the war between Japan and China without violating the U.S. Neutrality Act?
- He allowed Japan to purchase war materials as long as they could pay for it in cash. (Incorrect. While belligerents were allowed to purchase war material if they could pay cash under U.S. Cash and Carry, Roosevelt was fighting against Japan, not with Japan.)
- He used the Export Control Act to embargo the shipment of materials to China including aviation gasoline and machine tools. (Incorrect. Roosevelt did use the Export Control Act to embargo the shipment of aviation gasoline and machine tools to Japan, not China.)
- He used the Atlantic Charter to reassure Japan that America sought no territory from their conflict. (Incorrect. The Atlantic Charter was the blueprint for Anglo-American cooperation during World War II. While it stated that the U.S. and Britain sought no territory from the conflict of World War II, there is a better answer to this question.)
- He transported fighter planes to China (Correct! Since Japan did not formally declare war on China, a state of belligerency did not technically exist. Under the terms of the Neutrality Act, America could still transport goods to China without violating the U.S. Law.)
A: He transported fighter planes to China

Q: How did the Neutrality Act of 1937 limit Franklin D. Roosevelt's capacity to intervene in the affairs of other countries?
- He could no longer authorize military action without specific Congressional approval. (Incorrect. President Roosevelt required congressional approval to declare war; however, he could authorize military action without congressional approval.)
- He could no longer travel to a country that was at war. (Incorrect. No policy prevented President Roosevelt from traveling to a country at war.)
- He could no longer continue to support a country in a conflict unless the League of Nations had confirmed that the country was the victim of the conflict. (Incorrect. The League of Nations was an intergovernmental organization designed to provide a forum to resolve conflicts. Their responsibilities did not involve determining which countries were victims.)
- He could no longer provide foreign aid to a country at war unless the nations were able to pay cash and carry the products away on non-American vessels. (Correct! This policy temporarily handcuffed Roosevelt's foreign policies; it also allowed Hitler to take over land in Europe and Japan to establish control in the pacific.)
A: He could no longer provide foreign aid to a country at war unless the nations were able to pay cash and carry the products away on non-American vessels.

Q: Which one of the following were actions taken by Franklin D. Roosevelt to begin moving the United States from isolation to intervention?
- The Neutrality Act of 1936 (Incorrect. This act sought to close loopholes in the 1935 Neutrality Act. The 1936 Act prohibited the trade of war materials and forbade loans or credits to any nation at war.)
- The Selective Service and Training Act of 1940 (Incorrect. This was the first peacetime draft in United States history; it required all men between 21-45 to register for the draft; it, however, did not have anything to do with moving the United States from Isolation to intervention.)
- The Ludlow Amendment (Incorrect. This was not any action taken by President Roosevelt; this was a public referendum that was required before any declaration of war.)
- The Lend-Lease Act (Correct! The Lend-Lease Act gave President Franklin D. Roosevelt the power to transfer weapons, ammunition, and any other war materials to any country whose defense he deemed vital to the United States' national security.)
A: The Lend-Lease Act

Q: The United States began preparation to enter WWII by
- Increasing the number of generals in the army (Incorrect. While the U.S. increased its military, it did not specifically increase generals.)
- Easing foreign policies to not further anger their enemies. (Incorrect. The United States did not adjust any foreign policies to prepare for WWII.)
- Increasing the military by adding only those who volunteered to enter the military (Incorrect. The U.S. increased its military not only from volunteers but also authorized the Selective Training and Service Act of 1940, which drafted men between 21-45.)
- Preparing for military involvement (Correct! President Roosevelt began preparing for military involvement by declaring a state of national emergency and increasing the Army and National guard size.)
A: Preparing for military involvement

Q: The production of armaments in the U.S. had already been on the rise in 1941 as a result of ________ , which allowed the U.S. to supply its allies with weapons and other war materials.
- the Kellogg-Briand Pact (Incorrect. This pact was aimed at promoting world peace by outlawing wars a means to solve international conflicts. It had nothing to do with supplying war materials.)
- the Open Door Policy and the Stimson Doctrine (Incorrect. Neither the Open Door Policy nor the Stimson Doctrine were directly related to the increase in arms production. The Open Door Policy was the U.S. attempt to ensure an equal footing in trade and privileges among nations doing business in China in late 19th century. The Stimson Doctrine referred to the U.S. response of non-recognition in the wake of Japan’s aggression in Manchuria in 1932.)
- the Treaty of Versailles (Incorrect. The Treaty of Versailles was the 1919 peace treaty ending World War I and bore no relationship with the increase in arms production.)
- the Cash and Carry policy and Lend-Lease program (Correct! Although the U.S. did not enter World War II until the attack on Pearl Harbor in December of 1941, Congress authorized the Cash and Carry and Lend-Lease programs to supply American allies with armaments and other wartime necessities.)
A: the Cash and Carry policy and Lend-Lease program

Q: During World War II, the “code talkers” referred to
- German spies in Washington D.C. who exchanged their information by inscribing codes on park benches. (Incorrect. German spies were not known as the “code talkers” during World War II.)
- The Japanese Americans who deciphered the coded message about an imminent Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and warned the U.S. Navy. (Incorrect. This was historically inaccurate as the U.S. Navy stationed at Pearl Harbor did not receive a decoded message from Japanese Americans.)
- American nuclear physicists working on the Manhattan Project who had to communicate to each other in a secret language. (Incorrect. The American nuclear physicists working on the atomic bomb project were not referred to as the “code talkers” during World War II.)
- Native American marines who used their native language, which the Japanese could not understand, to communicate information over radios. (Correct! Native Americans utilized their unique language skills to transmit information in a language that the Japanese could not decode.)
A: Native American marines who used their native language, which the Japanese could not understand, to communicate information over radios.

Q: The increase in the number of Mexican Americans employed in the U.S. during WWII resulted from:
- Better living conditions in the cities (Incorrect. Most people lived in the cities during WWII; however, it was not good living conditions for most. Post-WWII, there was an explosion of growth in the suburbs.)
- Improved relations with Anglo-Americans (Incorrect. Relations between Mexican Americans and Anglo Americans continued to have tension; much of this was due to the language barrier.)
- Government programs to reduce discrimination (Incorrect. Government programs and legislation to reduce discrimination in the workplace had not been enacted until the 1960s.)
- Wartime labor shortages (Correct! Most job shortages came about because most working men left these jobs to enlist in the military to fight in WWII.)
A: Wartime labor shortages

Q: Which of the following groups was left out of the expansion in workplace equality during WWII?
- Black Americans (Incorrect. When many white males vacated their jobs to enlist in the military, Black Americans benefited from these opportunities.)
- Mexican Americans (Incorrect. Like Black Americans, Mexican Americans found increased employment opportunities when white males left their jobs to enlist in the U.S. military.)
- Women (Incorrect. Many women did not work outside of the home; however, due to wartime job shortages, they found increased employment opportunities, particularly for jobs typically held by men.)
- Japanese Americans (Correct! After the attack on Pearl Harbor, most Japanese Americans were placed in internment camps, so they did not have employment opportunities.)
A: Japanese Americans

Q: The employment of more than six million women in American industry during WWII led to:
- Equal pay for men and women (Incorrect. Increased employment for women did not translate to equal pay for men. While there has been improvement today, in the 21st century, many women are still seeking equal pay to their male counterparts.)
- A more significant percentage of women in the food industries (Incorrect. Women's employment increased in industrial factories and wartime industries, particularly in the aircraft industry.)
- A reduction in employment for black males (Incorrect. The employment of more than six million women in the American industry did not reduce employment for black males as it also increased employment.)
- A strong desire of most women to work for wages (Correct! Before WWII, most women did not work outside the home. However, when wartime shortages created opportunities, many women felt the desire to continue to work and earn wages outside the house even after the war.)
A: A strong desire of most women to work for wages

Q: Why did the United States Government allow women to participate in WWII?
- Women assembled and protested for the opportunity (Incorrect. Most women did not work outside the home, and they did not have an interest in contributing to the war effort.)
- They were forced to participate in the war. (Incorrect. There was lots of propaganda, recruiting, and influencing for women to participate in WWII; however, they were not forced to participate.)
- The Selective Service Act was amended to include women being drafted for war.
- Feedback: Incorrect. There were no changes made to the Selective Service Act; it applied only to men between 21-45.
- Women were one of the few options, and they needed more people's help in the war effort (Correct! Most eligible men served in the military; however, there was still much-needed help, and the government felt that women could fulfill this need.)
A: Women were one of the few options, and they needed more people's help in the war effort

Q: What is one of the effects of women joining the war?
- Women became frustrated that they could fulfill the same roles as men (Incorrect. Most women were amazed to be participating in the war, so they were not as concerned about their roles as men.)
- There were no effects (Incorrect. After participating in the war, many women found fulfillment and independence that they had never previously experienced before the war.)
- Few women joined the workforce after the war. (Incorrect. Just the opposite occurred; after the war, millions of women desired the opportunity to work and earn wages.)
- Millions of women started working after the war (Correct! Before WWII, women were working outside the home; however, after women gained some skills and experience, they desired to continue working after the war.)
A: Millions of women started working after the war

Q: What are some of the causes of women joining the war?
- The men in the war needed backup assistance. (Incorrect. The war required many people in various roles not to back up men.)
- Many women had obtained skills that could be utilized in war. (Incorrect. Before the war, most women did not have experience and skills for wartime or civilian jobs.)
- Women were not part of any organizations, so they saw joining the war as an opportunity to be part of an organization. (Incorrect. Most women had no desire to work outside of the house or join the war.)
- The United States government asked for women to fill the labor needs of the people. (Correct! There was a shortage of people needed in the war effort, so the government sought women to fill this need.)
A: The United States government asked for women to fill the labor needs of the people.

Q: Which of the following best describes the home front during World War II?
- There were decreased work opportunities for women. (Incorrect. Women saw an increased opportunity for work in civilian and wartime jobs.)
- The stress of war broke up many families, and the country saw reduced marriages. (Incorrect. During the 1940s, particularly during 1943, there was an increase in marriages.)
- Families struggled financially during and after the war. (Incorrect. After WWII, many people were earning good wages and were seeking to improve their living conditions, and many began moving out of the cities and to the suburbs.)
- Black Americans had more opportunities for employment in factories in the Midwest. (Correct! Many Black Americans lived in the South, and the South’s primary industry was agriculture. Therefore, factory positions were in high demand during the 1940s.)
A: Black Americans had more opportunities for employment in factories in the Midwest.

Q: During the 1940s, African Americans migrated to which region of the United States in the most significant numbers?
- Southwest (Incorrect. This country region did not see very much migration from Black Americans.)
- Mountain/Plain States (Incorrect. Migration to this part of the country was minimal because there were not many employment opportunities.)
- Northern California and Nevada (Incorrect. This part of the country offered little to entice Black Americans to move there.)
- The Midwest (Correct! The great migration began in the 1940s and lasted until the 1970s. During this migration, large numbers of Black Americans sought an improvement in job opportunities and quality of life and began moving to the Midwest.)
A: The Midwest

Q: Which major city suffered a devastating race riot in 1943?
- Baltimore, Maryland (Incorrect. Baltimore has had many riots over the past century; however, there was not one in 1943.)
- Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Incorrect. There was not a race riot in Philadelphia in 1943.)
- Chicago, Illinois (Incorrect. Chicago had a major race riot in 1919; however, there was not a race riot in 1943.)
- Detroit, Michigan (Correct! On June 20, 1943, several factors contributed to the riots in Detroit, including police brutality and jobs that were promised to those who moved from the South. Additionally, there was a black housing project built near a white neighborhood.)
A: Detroit, Michigan

Q: To confine someone as a prisoner, especially for military or political purposes, is called what?
- Determent (Incorrect. This term is used for disapproval; however, it does not relate to the confinement of any individuals.)
- Intermittent (Incorrect. Intermittent means occurring at irregular intervals; it is not consistent or constant. However, it does not relate to the confinement of any individuals.)
- Intermental (Incorrect. This is something that describes the similar thoughts of two individuals. However, it does not relate to the confinement of any individuals.)
- Internment (Correct! After the attack on Pearl Harbor, President Roosevelt issued executive order 9066 called for the internment of Japanese Americans.)
A: Internment

Q: Why were Japanese internment camps created?
- To punish Japanese Americans (Incorrect. While the U.S. Government was not happy about the attack, they did not intend to punish those not directly involved.)
- To cause problems and scare Japan (Incorrect. While the internment camps did cause problems, the camps were not created to cause problems and scare Japan.)
- It was an opportunity to reduce spending (Incorrect. There were no budget or monetary motives for creating internment camps.)
- To protect America from Japanese Americans (Correct! After the attack on Pearl Harbor, America was fearful that Japanese Americans would be loyal to Japan and attack again. So, the Federal Government wanted to ensure the safety of American Citizens.)
A: To protect America from Japanese Americans

Q: Where were most of the Japanese internment camps?
- The Southern United States (Incorrect. The Federal Government did not feel this was the most strategic location to build the camps.)
- The East Coast (Incorrect. It was not advantageous to build the internment camps on the east coast.)
- The Northern United States (Incorrect. Due to logistics, the North was not where internment camps were built.)
- The West Coast (Correct! The highest population of Japanese Americans was in the west, so most internment camps were built on the West Coast.)
A: The West Coast

Q: The immediate effect of the Lend-Lease program was the
- Western Europe recovered from the damage caused by WWI (Incorrect. The Lend-Lease Act went into effect in 1941, before WWI.)
- Japan declared war against the United States (Incorrect. The Lend-Lease Act did not have anything to do with war declaration.)
- The Soviet Union formed the Warsaw Pact (Incorrect. The Warsaw Pact was enacted in 1955 by the Soviet Union to strengthen their military and political domination in eastern Europe.)
- The United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union (Correct! The three allied nations needed each other’s support, and the U.S. was ready and able to provide aid to their allies.)
A: The United States provided critical aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union

Q: The cooperation between the United States and the Soviet Union during World War II supports the idea that:
- Communism and Capitalism have much in common. (Incorrect. This is not accurate; the differences between communism and Capitalism are vast.)
- Political leaders often disregard the wishes of their citizens (Incorrect. The wishes of a group of citizens are primarily determined by the type of government and not as much by the political leader.)
- Imperialism is necessary for the defense of liberty. (Incorrect. This is not accurate; taking control of a weaker nation does not correlate to liberty.)
- Alliances are built on mutual self-interest (Correct! This is the key concept for the formation of partnerships.)
A: Alliances are built on mutual self-interest

Q: Between World War I and World War II, most Americans believed that the United States should follow a foreign policy that emphasized:
- Containment and interventionism (Incorrect. Containment and interventionism are reactions taken by countries related to various policies and ideologies of other countries.)
- Collective security and defensive alliances (Incorrect. This is a policy where countries align with other countries and have similar overall interests.)
- Internationalism and free trade (Incorrect. These policies involve the country being active in trading and other activities from an international standpoint. This was not the interest of most Americans between WWI & WWII.)
- Neutrality and isolation (Correct! Most Americans were opposed to wars and were opinionated about remaining neutral and isolated.)
A: Neutrality and isolation

Q: Why is the D-Day Battle significant?
- It was the turning point of the war in the pacific (Incorrect. This was a critical battle; however, it was not the turning point in the pacific.)
- It was the turning point of the war in Asia (Incorrect. This Battle was significant; however, it did not occur in Asia.)
- It was the turning point of the war in Africa. (Incorrect. There was a significant battle in North Africa that lasted from 1940-43)
- It liberated western Europe (Correct! The D-Day invasion was significant for the western allies because it turned the momentum in favor of liberating France and all of western Europe.)
A: It liberated western Europe

Q: Which famous American General and later President helped the Battle of D-Day?
- Abraham Lincoln (Incorrect. Abraham Lincoln was president during the Civil War.)
- Franklin D. Roosevelt (Franklin D. Roosevelt served as secretary of the Navy; however, he did not serve in the armed forces.)
- Harry S. Truman (Incorrect. Harry S. Truman’s military experience was in World War I.)
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (Correct! Dwight D. Eisenhower was an experienced and intelligent general who planned, motivated, and encouraged his troops in the Battle of D-Day.)
A: Dwight D. Eisenhower

Q: At what conference were the D-Day landings plans made?
- Casablanca (Incorrect. President Roosevelt and Winston Churchill had a conference in Casablanca in 1943; however, there was no planning for D-Day at this conference.)
- Potsdam (Incorrect. The Potsdam conference took place in 1945 to negotiate the terms of the end of WWII.)
- Yalta (Incorrect. The Yalta conference was held in early 1945 to discuss post-war topics.)
- Tehran (Correct! The allied forces made all the planning and details for this surprise amphibious attack at the Tehran conference.)
A: Tehran

Q: In 1933 which European country had the highest population of Jews?
- Germany (Incorrect. Germany had a high population of Jews; however, it did not have the highest population.)
- France (Incorrect. France had a good-sized population of Jews; however other countries in Europe had a much higher population.)
- Italy (Incorrect. Italy’s population of Jews in 1933 was 48,000, which was low compared to other countries in Europe.)
- Poland (Correct! In 1933, Poland had around 3,000,000 Jews.)
A: Poland

Q: Jews that lived in this part of Europe made up much less of the population and tended to adopt the culture of their non-Jewish neighbors and spoke the common languages of the area.
- Eastern Europe (Incorrect. Jews who lived in eastern Europe had many other Jews near them, and they tended to retain their cultural values.)
- North Africa (Incorrect. North Africa had a nearly 500,000 Jewish population so that they could assemble into their communities.)
- Eastern Asia (Incorrect. Many Jews lived in Eastern Asia before and during WWII.)
- Western Europe (Correct! Jews that lived in countries such as France, Spain, and Portugal had a sparse population and did their best to assimilate into the culture where they lived.)
A: Western Europe

Q: As Germany invaded the USSR, what was used to kill Jews and enemies of Germany?
- Prisoner of war camps (Incorrect. These camps were not used for rounding up Jews during the Holocaust)
- Transit Camps (Incorrect. These camps were used during the Holocaust; however, they were not used for killing Jews.)
- Refugee Stations (Incorrect. These stations were used to rescue Jews from Nazi Germany.)
- Mobile Killing Units (Correct! These mobile killing units moved swiftly into cities and towns, surprising the Jewish population. They rounded up all women, men, and children.)
A: Mobile Killing Units

Q: What two conference had the U.K. and USA (only) in attendance
- Tehran (Incorrect. This Conference was attended by Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.)
- Yalta (Incorrect. This Conference was attended by the big three, Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin.)
- Potsdam (Incorrect. This Conference was attended by Churchill, Stalin, and Harry Truman.)
- Casablanca (Correct! At the Casablanca conference, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill met to discuss fighting in the war until the axis Party surrendered unconditionally.)
A: Casablanca

Q: What Conference outlined the eight agreements between the U.S. & the U.K.?
- Tehran (Incorrect. This meeting involved members of the big three in discussing strategies for winning the war and peace settlements)
- Potsdam (Incorrect. This Conference was attended by leaders from the U.K., U.S. & Soviet Union to negotiate terms for the end of WWII.)
- Yalta (Incorrect. Roosevelt, Stalin and Churchill & attended the Conference to discuss the future progress of the war and the post-war world.)
- Atlantic Charter (Correct! During this Conference, President Roosevelt and Prime Minister Churchill outlined the eight agreements between the U.S. & U.K. These agreements focused on territorial rights.)
A: Atlantic Charter

Q: What Conference could Stalin not attend because of the Battle of Stalingrad?
- Tehran (Incorrect. Stalin was in attendance at this Conference)
- Potsdam
- Potsdam (Incorrect. Stalin was in attendance for this Conference. The big three negotiated terms for the end of WWII.)
- Casablanca (Correct! This Conference was scheduled for Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin to discuss how the allied powers would fight until the axis powers surrendered; however, Nazi Germany was invading Stalingrad, so Stalin could not attend.)
A: Casablanca

Q: What was the U.S. strategy in the Pacific?
- Attack Japanese mainland head on (This was not a good option as Japan would likely be prepared for this.)
- Attack the Japanese forces in China (Incorrect. This would not have been a good option for attacking Japan because of China’s geographic location.)
- All out naval warfare in the pacific with no ground attack. (Incorrect. Warfare in the pacific was the correct strategy; however, there were better strategies for defeating Japan.)
- Split the attacks. One regiment takes the Philippines, and the other takes the small pacific islands (Correct! This strategy that the U.S. felt would give them the best opportunity for success.)
A: Split the attacks. One regiment takes the Philippines, and the other takes the small pacific islands

Q: What best describes Island hopping?
- Attacking the Japanese mainland’s surrounding islands in quick succession. (Incorrect. However, this was a good strategy; they felt other targets would be more effective.)
- Attacking and retreating to different islands to distract the Japanese navy (Incorrect. This strategy could provide some success; however, this was not considered island hopping.)
- Using submarines to move to different islands to initiate sneak attacks (Incorrect. This was not a strategy used by the United States because it would not have effectively defeated Japan.)
- Taking the Pacific, island by island, to get closer to Japan (Correct! This was the strategy put in place by the U.S. to keep Japan off guard and guessing.)
A: Taking the Pacific, island by island, to get closer to Japan

Q: What primary advantage did the U.S. have at the battle of Midway?
- The Japanese didn’t have enough aircraft fleet (Incorrect. Japan had a large aircraft fleet; they had to retreat several times to refuel)
- They were still angry after Pearl Harbor (While the U.S. was upset about Pearl Harbor, this did not provide them an advantage in the Battle of Midway.)
- The Japanese naval fleet was depleted (Incorrect. Japan still had a large number of naval ships ready for battle.)
- They knew the attack was coming (Correct! The U.S. had begun to break Japanese communication codes in 1942 and had information about the naval attack at Midway.)
A: They knew the attack was coming

Q: What island was the first to be taken back from Japan and exposed the U.S. Marines to jungle warfare?
- Midway (Incorrect. The battle at Midway took place at sea and in the air.)
- Taiwan (Incorrect. The United States was not involved in any battles in Taiwan.)
- Okinawa (Incorrect. The battle at Okinawa in 1945 was the last major battle of WWII and one of the bloodiest.)
- Guadalcanal (Correct! The battle in Guadalcanal in 1942 was an amphibious undertaking that deployed the U.S. Marines to a fight in the jungle, one to which they had not been previously exposed.)
A: Guadalcanal

Q: Midway was a significant battle because
- The Japanese navy was eliminated (Incorrect. While the Japanese naval fleet was devastated, it was not eliminated.)
- It was the first territory taken back from Japan (Midway was a significant battle; however, it was not the first territory taken back from Japan.)
- Midway had valuable resources (Incorrect. Midway islands were used primarily by Japan as a naval base and for refueling their fighter jets.)
- Japanese lost many of its ships and some of their best pilots (Correct! The battle at Midway was the turning point of the war for the U.S. in the Pacific.)
A: Japanese lost many of its ships and some of their best pilots

Q: Japanese military fighters were persistent fierce warriors. Battles with them produced massive casualties. This was attributed to their never give up attitude, plus they were willing to sacrifice themselves. The United States saw this happen in Iwo Jima and other battles as what kind of pilots crashed their fighter jets into U.S. Naval ships, knowing they would not survive?
- Skilled (Incorrect. Japanese pilots were very skilled; however, they were a specific squadron for the pilots that crashed their jets into the enemy target.)
- Fighter (Incorrect. All of Japan’s pilots were considered fighter pilots.)
- Bomber (Incorrect. Many of Japan’s bomber pilots were known as flying aces.)
- Kamikaze (Correct! Part of Japan’s strategy in the pacific theater was utilizing kamikaze pilots. These pilots were willing to sacrifice their lives to hit the enemy’s target.)
A: Kamikaze

Q: Why did the United States decide to drop the atomic bomb rather than invade Japan with soldiers?
- The U.S. had been testing the atomic bomb and wanted to know if it was effective (Incorrect. The United States had been building and testing the bomb in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Under no conditions would the U.S. drop a bomb on another country for testing purposes.)
- Because they did not have the soldiers or weapons to attack Japan. (Incorrect. The United States and its Allies had enough soldiers and weapons to invade Japan.)
- Because they didn't think they could defeat Japan (Incorrect. The United States gained momentum in the Pacific Theater war; they were confident they could successfully invade Japan.)
- Because the estimated that 500,000 to 1 million soldiers would die in an invasion (Correct! An invasion with soldiers would have been a massive undertaking, and giant lives lost was not what the United States or Allies wanted.)
A: Because the estimated that 500,000 to 1 million soldiers would die in an invasion

Q: Which president decided to use the atomic bomb against Japan in WWII?
- Dwight D. Eisenhower (Incorrect. Dwight D. Eisenhower did not become president until 1953)
- Franklin Roosevelt (Incorrect. President Roosevelt died in April 1945; the atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945.)
- John F. Kennedy (Incorrect. John F. Kennedy became president in 1961, which was long after WWII ended.)
- Harry S. Truman (Correct! President Franklin Roosevelt died in April of 1945; President Harry S. Truman took over the Presidency, and the atomic bomb was dropped in August 1945.)
A: Harry S. Truman

Q: In WWII, it was felt that the Japanese would fight until:
- They didn't have enough ships to be effective. (Incorrect. A shortage of weapons or supplies didn't stop Japan from fighting.)
- They ran out of ammunition (Incorrect. If Japan had run out of ammunition, they would have likely obtained some from their axis power countries.)
- Germany surrendered (Incorrect. Germany surrendered in May of 1945; however, Japan was still fighting during this time.)
- Every soldier died (Correct! The Japanese culture has a never give up, never quit mentality; in WWII, they would not surrender and felt they had to fight until they had no more soldiers.)
A: Every soldier died

Q: While the United Nations advocated for human rights and freedoms of all individuals, according to the NSDAP 1920 platform, an individual’s rights were determined by his/her
- income and educational background. (Incorrect. These were not the discriminatory criteria outlined in the NSDAP 1920 platform.)
- military service and proven loyalty to the Kaiser. (Incorrect. Neither military service nor loyalty to the Kaiser was a deciding factor in determining who could enjoy the rights and freedoms in Germany when the NSDAP platform was proclaimed in 1920. The Kaiser abdicated in 1918 and a parliamentary democracy under the Weimar Republic was formed.)
- records of taxes paid and donations given to the Third Reich. (Incorrect. Taxes paid and donations were not used as criteria to decide an individual’s rights or freedom. Note that the Third Reich usually refers to the period between 1933-1945, when the Nazis ruled Germany.)
- religion, race, and citizenship. (Correct! The NSDAP 1920 platform discriminated against people who were not of German race, not German citizens, and not of the Christian faith.)
A: religion, race, and citizenship.

Q: Based on the U.S. Bill of Rights and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a political activist who published a critique of his/her government must be
- prepared to retain a lawyer to argue his/her case if sued. (Incorrect. This was not stated in the primary documents.)
- aware that he/she did so at his/her own risks. (Incorrect. The United Nations Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights did not include this warning.)
- willing to relocate to another country if the government arbitrarily sent him/her to exile. (Incorrect. The documents did not include this statement, which would not be supported by the United Nations or the U.S. Bill of Rights. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights stated, “No one shall be subjected to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile.”)
- entitled to do so. (Correct! Freedom of speech is among the rights supported by the U.S. Bill of Rights and the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights.)
A: entitled to do so.

Q: Which of the following is not mentioned in the NSDAP platform but is included in both the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights?
- The right of each nation to demand territorial expansion and colonization for the sustenance of its people. (Incorrect. This was not included in the U.N. Universal Declaration of Rights or the U.S. Bill of Rights. A demand for territorial expansion and colonization for the purpose of sustenance of German citizens was in fact included in the NSDAP platform.)
- Equal rights and obligations for all citizens. (Incorrect. All three documents contained the provision regarding equal rights, which applied to individuals differently. While the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights proclaimed equal rights for all human beings in the world community, the U.S. Bill of Rights applied to the individual rights of Americans, in relation to the states and the federal government. The NSDAP platform included “equal rights,” which could only be enjoyed by German citizens, not by all individuals living inside Germany, and the criteria to obtain German citizenship were discriminatory, not inclusive.)
- The formation of a strong central power with unlimited authority. (Incorrect. This only appeared in the NSDAP platform. The U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights did not call for the formation of a strong central power. Besides, considering the political context during the early republic, the Bill of Rights would not have been passed if it had advocated for a strong central government with unlimited powers.)
- The right to a fair and public trial. (Correct! The NSDAP platform was silent on the right of a citizen to a fair and public trial, while both the U.N. Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the U.S. Bill of Rights explicitly included this right.)
A: The right to a fair and public trial.